Abstract
Until the 1970s, hydraulic actuators were widely used in many mechanical systems; however, recently, electric motors have become mainstream by virtue of their improved performance, and hydraulic motors have largely been replaced by electric motors in many applications. Although this trend is expected to continue into the future, it is important to comprehensively evaluate which motor is most suitable when designing mechanical systems. This paper presents the results of a survey of the performance of electric and hydraulic servo motors and aims to provide quantitative data that can be used as a reference for selecting appropriate motors. We surveyed AC, AC direct, brushless DC, and brushed DC electric motors and swash plate-type axial piston, bent axis-type axial piston, crank-type radial piston, and multistroke-type radial piston hydraulic motors. Performance data were collected from catalogs and nonpublic data. We compared and evaluated the characteristics of these diverse servo motors using indexes such as torque, rotating speed, output power, power density, and power rate.
Highlights
Hydraulic systems provide high power and a rapid response and have been widely used in many industrial fields
It is clear that the power density of the electric motors increased the decades; nowadays, the difference between hydraulic and electric motors is only following the development of permanent magnets with high-maximum-energy products
The overall tendency of hydraulic and electric motors shows that the power rate density decreases as the rated output power increases, the power rate density of some motors tends to slightly increase in each series
Summary
Hydraulic systems provide high power and a rapid response and have been widely used in many industrial fields. Some wind and wave power generators use hydraulic systems to transfer power because hydraulic power transmissions enable easier maintenance and downsizing of systems relative to other types of transmission [16,17,18,19,20,21,22] It is important for engineers and designers to select appropriate actuation systems for servo applications. In 1952, compared the weights of hydraulic, electric, and pneumatic systems in aircraft, evaluating the advantages of each [24]. The characteristics of the studied systems are likely to have changed significantly over the last several decades They might not always help in selecting the appropriate system to use. The target of this investigation is confined to hydraulic and electric servo motors, we have collected as wide a dataset as possible regarding these servo motors in order to present useful information for engineers and designers
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