Abstract
Pertussis causes a large number of cases and hospitalizations in Catalonia and Navarra. We made a study of household cases of pertussis during 2012 and 2013 in order to identify risk factors for hospitalization in pertussis cases. Each primary case reported triggered the study of their contacts. Close contacts at home and people who were in contact for >2 hours during the transmission period of cases were included. The adjusted OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated using logistic regression. A total of 1124 pertussis cases were detected, of which 14.9% were hospitalized. Inspiratory whoop (aOR: 1.64; CI: 1.02–2.65), apnoea (aOR: 2.47; CI: 1.51–4.03) and cyanosis (aOR: 15.51; CI: 1.87–128.09) were more common in hospitalized than in outpatient cases. Hospitalization occurred in 8.7% of correctly-vaccinated cases, 41.1% of non-vaccinated cases and 9.4% of partially-vaccinated cases. In conclusion, inspiratory whoop, apnoea and cyanosis were associated factors to hospitalization while vaccination reduced hospitalizations due to pertussis.
Highlights
Pertussis disease causes a high number of cases and hospitalizations even though it is a preventable disease with high vaccination coverages [1,2,3]
668 pertussis cases were reported to surveillance units and included in the study
1124 pertussis cases occurred during the study, of which 536 (47.7%) were male and 588 (52.3%) female
Summary
Pertussis disease causes a high number of cases and hospitalizations even though it is a preventable disease with high vaccination coverages [1,2,3]. The vaccination schedule of pertussis in Spain includes the first series of vaccine at 2, 4, and 6 months and two booster doses at 18 months and 4–6 years [4,5]. Vaccination coverages in Spain were > 95% for the first series of vaccination, up to 90% for the first booster dose, and around 80% for the second booster dose in 2011 [6, 7]. In Spain, notification of pertussis disease is mandatory and must be reported by physicians to the Health Department. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0139993 October 6, 2015
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