Abstract
BackgroundNatural drug resistance is a major cause of antiviral treatment failure. The characteristics of HIV-1 natural drug resistance-associated mutations in former paid blood donors in Henan Province remain unclear.MethodsOne hundred and fifty HIV-1-positive plasma samples were collected. Plasma viral RNA was extracted for pol gene amplification and sequencing. The sequencing results were submitted to the HIV-1 drug resistance database for drug-resistance analysis.ResultsThe rates of natural drug resistance and resistance-associated mutations were 17.7% (19/107) and 40.2% (43/107), respectively. The rates of PI major, PI minor, NRTI, and NNRTI mutations were: 0, 30.8% (33/107), 10.3% (11/107), and 18.7% (20/107), respectively. Nine cases (8.4%) had both NRTI and NNRTI resistance-associated mutations. Seven cases (6.5%) had PI minor, NRTI and NNRTI resistance-associated mutations. NNRTI resistance was the most serious, followed by NRTI resistance and PI resistance. Polymorphism mutation sites with mutation rates in the protease region higher than 60.0% were: L63A/P/S/T 89.7%, V77I 82.2%, I72E/M/K/T/V 80.4%, I93L 75.7%, and E35D 72.9%. Polymorphism mutation sites with mutation rates in the RT region higher than 60.0% were: I135A/L/M/R/T/V 93.5%, T200A/E/I/P/V 89.7%, Q278E/K/N/T 88.8%, S162C/Y 82.2%, and K277R/S 66.4%. The distribution of 107 gene sequences was scattered, with some drug-resistant strains grouped in the same cluster.ConclusionThe natural drug resistance mutation rate of HIV-1 in former paid blood donors in Henan Province was 17.7%, with NNRTI resistance the most serious. The distribution of drug-resistant strains was scattered, with some correlations found in certain resistance loci.
Highlights
Under natural circumstances, HIV can destroy the human immune system 10–15 years after the development of AIDS
The patients may display a variety of opportunistic infections, tumors or other serious clinical symptoms [1,2,3]
Based on the mechanism of action, antiviral drugs are divided into different groups, which include protease inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, entry inhibitors and mixture of different agents
Summary
HIV can destroy the human immune system 10–15 years after the development of AIDS. At this stage, the patients may display a variety of opportunistic infections, tumors or other serious clinical symptoms [1,2,3]. By the end of 2011, in lowand middle-income countries, a total of more than 8 million HIV carriers received antiretroviral therapy, of which about 562,000 were children. During 2003–2011, the number of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy increased by 20 times in developing countries. During 2010–2011, the number of patients needing antiretroviral treatment increased by 20%. Natural drug resistance is a major cause of antiviral treatment failure. The characteristics of HIV-1 natural drug resistance-associated mutations in former paid blood donors in Henan Province remain unclear
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