Abstract
A novel high birefringence and nearly zero dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with elliptical defected core (E-DC) and equilateral pentagonal architecture is designed. By applying the full-vector finite element method (FEM), the characteristics of electric field distribution, birefringence, and chromatic dispersion of the proposed E-DC PCF are numerically investigated in detail. The simulation results reveal that the proposed PCF can realize high birefringence, ranging from 10-3 to 10-2 orders of magnitude, owing to the embedded elliptical air hole in the core center. However, the existence of the elliptical air hole gives rise to an extraordinary electric field distribution, where a V-shaped notch appears and the size of the V-shaped notch varies at different operating wavelengths. Also, the mode field diameter is estimated to be about 2 μm, which implies the small effective mode area and highly nonlinear coefficient. Furthermore, the investigation of the chromatic dispersion characteristic shows that the introduction of the elliptical air hole is helpful to control the chromatic dispersion to be negative or nearly zero flattened over a wide wavelength bandwidth.
Highlights
photonic crystal fiber (PCF), called holey fibers or microstructured optical fibers, have received extensive attention since they were firstly fabricated and reported by Knight et al [1]
Before investigating the proposed elliptical defected core (E-DC) PCF, we firstly evaluate the modal birefringence of the absolute solid core (SC) PCF, namely, without the elliptical air hole in the core center
We have proposed a highly birefringent and nearly zero dispersion-flattened PCF based on the E-DC and pentagonal architecture
Summary
PCFs, called holey fibers or microstructured optical fibers, have received extensive attention since they were firstly fabricated and reported by Knight et al [1]. From the perspective of improving modal birefringence and simultaneously controlling the chromatic dispersion, based on the C-DC idea, we consider introducing an elliptical air hole defected core (E-DC) in the core center to enhance the structural asymmetry. It is confirmed in [17,18,19] that higher birefringence and less power loss could be obtained in the equilateral pentagonal PCF than in the hexagonal PCF. The proposed high birefringence E-DC PCF may find important applications in the field of optical fiber communications, fiber lasers, and fiber sensors, and the added negative or flattened dispersion feature makes it suitable as a chromatic dispersion controller, a dispersion compensator, or a candidate for nonlinear optical applications
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