Characteristics of high functional autism in adults

Abstract

High Functional Autism (HFA) in adults, former known as Asperger Syndrome in DSM-IV-TR, was lately included in the wide umbrella of autism spectrum disorders in DSM 5. Asperger Syndrome (AS) is characterized by altered social interactions, restricted interests and repetitive stereotypical behavior just like other types of autism, with the exception of good language development and normal psychomotor and cognitive skills. (1,2) The purpose of this article is to investigate data in current literature about diagnosis, characteristics, functionality, comorbidities, treatment and outcome for adults diagnosed with AS/HFA. Individuals diagnosed with AS have difficulties in finding a job and/or a vocational niche which would secure a financially stable and independent life. They also find it harder to maintain their jobs and social relationships. (6,10) Most of them work jobs far below their skills level as difficulties start with the skills required for a job interview. So, although they are qualified for the job they apply to, they are rejected due to poor abilities to engage in reciprocal conversation or think and quickly respond to questions addressed during a job interview Autism spectrum disorders are frequently associated with comorbidities like: hyperactivity, poor attention and concentration, compulsions, preoccupations, sleep problems, anxiety and fears, depressive mood, tics, etc., all these being features of coexisting neuropsychiatric disorders such as ADHD, affective disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders etc. (22) High Functional Autism is a pathology not so well known and often confounded with others like depression, OCD, psychosis and/or personality disorders. The diagnosis is complicated and an elaborate family and personal history is needed, along with intensive testing and scales. These individuals are precious to society due to their incredible capacity to focus restrictively on an area of interest, so they can have amazing performances if they are guided accordingly. They don't need support only as children but throughout their entire life, and the higher the rate of support, the better the outcome.