Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Hypertension and/or Hyperlipidemia: A Cross-Sectional Study on Rural Residents in Xinxiang County, Henan Province.

Li Li,Wu Wu,Song Song,Jiang Jiang,Zeng Zeng,Xie Xie,An An,Liu Liu

doi:10.3390/microorganisms7100399

Abstract

Human gut microbiota can be affected by a variety of factors, including geography. This study aimed to clarify the regional specific characteristics of gut microbiota in rural residents of Xinxiang county, Henan province, with hypertension and hyperlipidemia and evaluate the association of specific gut microbiota with hypertension and hyperlipidemia clinical indices. To identify the gut microbes, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used and a random forest disease classifier was constructed to discriminate between the gut microbiota in hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and the healthy control. Patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia presented with marked gut microbiota dysbiosis compared to the healthy control. The gut microbiota related to hypertension and hyperlipidemia may consist of a large number of taxa, influencing each other in a complex metabolic network. Examining the top 35 genera in each group showed that Lactococcus, Alistipes, or Subdoligranulum abundances were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertensive patients with treatment-naive hypertension (n = 63). In hypertensive patients undergoing anti-hypertensive treatment (n = 104), the abundance of Megasphaera or Megamonas was positively correlated to SBP. In the hyperlipidemia group, some of the top 35 genera were significantly correlated to triglyceride, total cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose levels. This study analyzed the characteristics of the gut microbiota in patients with hypertension and/or hyperlipidemia, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in this region.

Highlights

Hypertension is a very common chronic medical condition, historically defined by sustained systolic blood pressure (SBP) above 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) above 90 mmHg
To investigate the characteristics of the gut microbiota of hypertensive patients, 63 hypertensive patients with treatment-naive hypertension (NH group), 104 hypertensive patients undergoing anti-hypertensive treatment (AH group), 26 subjects with normal BP but with hyperlipidemia (HLD group), and 42 healthy subjects with normal DBP, SBP, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in the rural area of Henan Province, central China were randomly recruited in this study
Evidence in recent years has implicated gut microbiota in hypertension [21,22,23]. This notion was supported by the results of this study, in which we showed that hypertension patients, regardless of whether they received anti-hypertensive treatments, displayed remarkable gut microbiota dysbiosis

Summary

Introduction

Hypertension is a very common chronic medical condition, historically defined by sustained systolic blood pressure (SBP) above 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) above 90 mmHg. Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of hypertension, identification of the causes of this disease continues to be challenging. The homeostatic maintenance of blood pressure (BP) is a complex process, governed by the kidneys, and regulated by genetic, environmental, and endocrine factors [2,3]. The potential of the gut microbiome to alter host health status has drawn considerable attention. The microbiome is a microbial ecosystem that has coevolved with the host and which plays a part in the modulation of multiple physiological processes [4]. Emerging evidence suggests a link between the gut microbiome and various diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [5], lung disease [6], and cancer [7]

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