Abstract
Gadolinium doped cerium (Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 or GDC10) was successfully synthesized using the solid-state method. Commercially available CeO2 and Gd2O3 powders were used as starting materials. They were mixed in a ball mill where alumina balls were added as grinding medium with the ratio to powders as of 1:2. The obtained powders were dried and then calcined at temperatures of 600, 700 and 800 °C, respectively. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of calcination temperature on the properties of GDC10. The powders were characterized using XRF, TGA, XRD, and PSA instruments. XRF analysis shows the presence of Ce, Gd and O elements in stoichiometric composition without any impurities. XRD analysis showed single phase structure of CeO2 where the crystallite size and lattice parameter increases and decreases, respectively, as the calcination temperature increases. The smallest particle size of 647.3 nm was obtained at the calcination temperature of 600 °C. The density of all GDC10 samples sintered at 1350 °C was found to be higher than 95%. In addition, the calcination temperature also influenced the ionic conductivity where the highest obtained value was 0.0153 S.cm-1 at 800 °C for the sample calcinaed at 600 °C. The results suggest that the calcination temperature affected the properties of GDC10 for solid oxide fuel cell application.
Highlights
Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) becomes one of alternative of environmentally friendly technology for power generation which is increasing interest as low emission of energy conversion device (Somalu et al 2017).Principle operation of SOFC is based on a combination of electrochemical reaction to produce electricity (Fu 2014)
The results of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis indicates cerium (Ce), oxygen (O) and gadolinium (Gd) elements were found on the GDC10 powders without any other impurities
It indicates that GDC10 was thermally stable in the mentioned range where intermediate solid oxide fuel cell operates in this temperature
Summary
Principle operation of SOFC is based on a combination of electrochemical reaction to produce electricity (Fu 2014). It can generate electricity from different types of fuel for some applications such as for stationary and transportation (Mahmud et al 2017). The main component of SOFC is electrolyte where zirconia-based ceramic such as YSZ becomes popular materials for this application (Raharjo et al 2017). That, lowering the temperature of SOFC operation to intermediate-range between 600-800 °C becomes an appropriate alternative to overcome this issue (Raharjo et al 2008)
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