Abstract
Diabetes, a glucose metabolic disorder, is considered one of the biggest challenges associated with a complex complication of health crises in the modern lifestyle. Inhibition or reduction of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), alpha-glucosidase, and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) enzyme activities or expressions are notably considered as the promising therapeutic strategies for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Various food protein-derived antidiabetic bioactive peptides have been isolated and verified. This review provides an overview of the DPP-IV, PTP-1B, and α-glucosidase inhibitors, and updates on the methods for the discovery of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides released from food-protein hydrolysate. The finding of novel bioactive peptides involves studies about the strategy of separation fractionation, the identification of peptide sequences, and the evaluation of peptide characteristics in vitro, in silico, in situ, and in vivo. The potential of bioactive peptides suggests useful applications in the prevention and management of diabetes. Furthermore, evidence of clinical studies is necessary for the validation of these peptides’ efficiencies before commercial applications.
Highlights
Nowadays, food components are of great concern because of their high nutritional content and role in the prevention and management of diabetes
Due to the rapid development of potential bioactive compounds from natural sources, food proteins or food-derived peptides have been recognized to play an essential role in regulating blood glucose levels, which is one of the characteristics of diabetes [1,2,3,4]
One widely used therapeutic approach for the control of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is through the reduction of glucose levels by inhibition of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzyme, maintaining the concentration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), two insulin expression inducers [18,24,25]
Summary
Food components are of great concern because of their high nutritional content and role in the prevention and management of diabetes. One widely used therapeutic approach for the control of T2D is through the reduction of glucose levels by inhibition of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzyme, maintaining the concentration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), two insulin expression inducers [18,24,25]. Another therapeutic approach is the use of α-glucosidase inhibitors to inhibit carbohydrate cleavages in the small intestine [26,27,28].
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