Abstract
Carbon spheres and tubes were formed from acetylene decomposition on SBA-15 and Ni-SBA-15 at 650–850 °C. At 650 °C, the decomposed carbons covered the surface of the support, and no carbon spheres and filament materials were formed. Carbon sphere formation occurred at 750 °C–850 °C; with diameters ranging from 0.8 μm–1.1 μm. For Ni-SBA-15, the diameters of the spheres and filaments were 0.8 μm and 62 nm, respectively, at 650 °C. At 750 °C, the diameter of the ball carbon materials ranged from 0.7 μm–0.8 μm, the diameter of the carbon tubes formed was 120–130 nm, and their pore diameter was 8.0 nm–11 nm. At 850 °C, the diameters of ball carbon materials and carbon tubes were similar to those of the materials at the formation temperature, 750 °C. Si, O and C were the main constituents of SBA-15; Ni-SBA-15 and carbon material formation supports. High-ring PAHs (such as BaP (five rings); IND (six rings); DBA (five rings) and B[ghi]P (six rings)) exist in carbon materials. SBA-15 revealed insignificant cytotoxicity, but Ni-SBA-15 inhibited the proliferation of human lung cancer cells (A549). Less inhibition on cell viability and reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation on A549 were determined for carbon material formation on the Ni-SBA-15 compared to the Ni-SBA-15.
Highlights
Nanotechnology engineering has given rise to the rapid development of many novel applications for sub-micron materials
The uniformly bundled macroscopic structure was mostly conserved after high-temperature thermal treatment, again reflecting the thermal stability of as-synthesized
Carbon materials were formed on SBA-15 and Ni-SBA-15 during acetylene decomposition
Summary
Nanotechnology engineering has given rise to the rapid development of many novel applications for sub-micron materials. Biological responses to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are affected by multiple properties that include length, shape (single-wall or multiwall), fibrous surface area, aspect ratio and aggregability with or without the involvement of dispersion media [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] Impurities, such as catalysts and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are introduced into. Pulmonary exposure to CNTs has caused rats and mice to develop fibrosis, granulation and inflammation in their lungs [26,27,28] Due to their size, nanoparticles are distributed throughout the entire respiratory tract and can reach pulmonary alveoli [29]. The human lung cancer cell A549 was used to determine the inhibition effects and reaction oxidative stress of SBA-15, Ni-SBA-15 and carbon material formation on SBA-15 and Ni-SBA-15
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