Abstract
The air-bubble formation process has been studied experimentally by using five ice cores from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Bubble volumes in firn-ice samples were measured by a classical method based on Boyle Mariotte's law for an ideal gas. It was found that the bubble volume varies with depth as a function of bulk density in the firn-ice transition layer, which is represented by an exponential function of firn density. Air bubbles start to form rapidly at a bulk density of 0.763–0.797 Mg m-3. This density (ρib) seems to be correlated with the ice temperature in the ice sheets; ρibincreases with a decrease in the ice temperature. Vbshows the maximum value in the density range 0.819–0.832 Mg m-3. The corresponding porosity of the density ranges between 0.110 and 0.097. This porosity does not seem to correlate with ice temperature or accumulation rate at the coring site. These characteristics of firn densities probably affect the amount of entrapped air in glacier ice (total air content) in polar ice sheets.
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