Abstract

目的揭示遗传性球形红细胞增多症(HS)骨髓红系造血的代偿特征,探究不同程度贫血对骨髓造血代偿的影响。方法收集2014年7月至2020年9月中国医学科学院血液病医院确诊的HS患者临床及实验室资料,以外周血网织红细胞绝对值作为替代参数,评估骨髓红系造血代偿能力,并对不同贫血程度HS患者红系造血代偿进行比较。结果① 302例HS患者中代偿性溶血病(代偿组)115例,轻、中、重度贫血(失代偿组)患者分别为74、90、23例。② 失代偿组血清红细胞生成素(EPO)水平与HGB呈负相关(rs=−0.585,P<0.001)。③ HS患者的中位网织红细胞计数(ARC)0.34(0.27,0.44)×1012/L,约为正常人的4.25倍,最大ARC 0.81×1012/L,约为正常人的10倍;代偿组的中位ARC 0.29(0.22,0.38)×1012/L,约为正常人的3.63倍,失代偿组中位ARC 0.38(0.30,0.46)×1012/L,明显高于代偿组(z=4.999,P=0.003),达正常人的4.75倍。④代偿组的ARC与HGB呈负相关(r=−0.177,P=0.002);失代偿组ARC与HGB呈正相关(rs=0.191,P=0.009),轻、中、重度贫血组间ARC差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.588,P=0.101)。⑤ 轻、中、重度贫血组的中位未成熟网织红细胞指数(IRF)分别为13.1%(9.1%,18.4%)、17.0%(13.4%,20.8%)、17.8%(14.6%,21.8%),轻度贫血组IRF小于中度及重度贫血组(Padj值均<0.05),而中度和重度贫血组间差异无统计学意义(Padj=1.000);轻、中、重度贫血组的中位新生网织红细胞计数分别为5.09(2.60,7.74)×1010/L、6.24(4.34,8.83)×1010/L、7.00(3.07,8.22)×1010/L,组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.081,P=0.214)。结论HS骨髓红系造血代偿随不同程度红细胞减少而增加,维持HGB在正常水平;而一经贫血发生,造血代偿即已达最大水平,不因贫血加重、EPO增加而进一步代偿增加。

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