Characteristics of Biodegradable Gelatin Methacrylate Hydrogel Designed to Improve Osteoinduction and Effect of Additional Binding of Tannic Acid on Hydrogel.

Ji-Bong Choi,Yu-Kyoung Kim,Yong-Seok Jang,Jung-Eun Park,Tae-Sung Bae,Min-Ho Lee,Seon-Mi Byeon

doi:10.3390/polym13152535

Abstract

In this study, a hydrogel using single and double crosslinking was prepared using GelMA, a natural polymer, and the effect was evaluated when the double crosslinked hydrogel and tannic acid were treated. The resulting hydrogel was subjected to physicochemical property evaluation, biocompatibility evaluation, and animal testing. The free radicals generated through APS/TEMED have a scaffold form with a porous structure in the hydrogel, and have a more stable structure through photo crosslinking. The double crosslinked hydrogel had improved mechanical strength and better results in cell compatibility tests than the single crosslinked group. Moreover, in the hydrogel transplanted into the femur of a rat, the double crosslinked group showed an osteoinductive response due to the attachment of bone minerals after 4 and 8 weeks, but the single crosslinked group did not show an osteoinductive response due to rapid degradation. Treatment with a high concentration of tannic acid showed significantly improved mechanical strength through H-bonding. However, cell adhesion and proliferation were limited compared to the untreated group due to the limitation of water absorption capacity, and no osteoinduction reaction was observed. As a result, it was confirmed that the treatment of high-concentration tannic acid significantly improved mechanical strength, but it was not a suitable method for improving bone induction due to the limitation of water absorption.

Highlights

Bone defects are health-threatening diseases and are caused by various factors such as trauma, genetics, and cancer
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It was evaluated whether a hydrogel produced by double crosslinking using GelMA, a natural polymer, was suitable for improving bone induction and showed better results when combined with Tannic acid (TA)

Summary

Introduction

Bone defects are health-threatening diseases and are caused by various factors such as trauma, genetics, and cancer. Bones can be regenerated, the ability widely varies from person to person. The most common method to recover the damaged bone defects is the direct implantation of a bone-grafted material into the defective area. Bone grafting must include essential elements of bone regeneration, namely osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and osteogenesis, in conjunction with the final bonding between the bone and the graft material [1]. Various complex processes involving cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and matrix formation are used while applying biomaterials to induce bone generation [2]. Hydrogels made of natural and synthetic biomaterials that mimic the structure and biological properties of the natural extracellular matrix have long been studied as candidates for cell delivery in medicine and dentistry [4]

Methods

Results

Conclusion