Characteristics of an Extended Gate Field-Effect Transistor for Glucose Sensing Using an Enzyme-Containing Silk Fibroin Membrane as the Bio-Chemical Component.

Kazuto Koike,Mitsuaki Yano,Yuichi Hirofuji,Taihou Sasaki,Kenta Hiraki,Kodai Ike

doi:10.3390/bios10060057

Abstract

The characteristics of a glucose sensor based on an ion-sensitive TiO2/Ti extended gate electrode field-effect transistor (EGFET) are reported. A glucose oxidase-containing silk fibroin membrane was immobilized on a TiO2/Ti surface as the bio-sensing component. This EGFET-type biosensor was estimated to be able to detect a glucose concentration as low as 0.001 mg/mL in an aqueous electrolyte, which enables the sensing of glucose in the saliva and sweat. The endurance of this sensor was also examined, and it was found that the retention time of the original sensitivity for repeated use at room temperature was more than 30 days, with a high heat tolerance temperature close to 60 °C.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus is a polygenic disease characterized by abnormally high β-D glucose levels in the blood and might cause disease complications such as visual disturbance, renal dysfunction, and angiopathy
We report the characteristics of an extended gate FETs (EGFETs)-type glucose sensor, the glucose oxidase (GOD)-containing silk fibroin (SF) membrane of which was prepared by a spin-coating method using an aqueous solution of commercially available high quality SF powder [27] mixed with GOD powder
We examined our EGFET-type glucose sensor for endurance represented by the ΔV for the change in glucose concentration from 0 to 1 mg/mL, and the retention against repeated use and long-term storage as shown in Figure 9a, the sensitivity of which is represented was represented by ΔV/ΔV0 × 100, where ΔV0 is the ΔV at the initial measurement

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a polygenic disease characterized by abnormally high β-D glucose levels in the blood and might cause disease complications such as visual disturbance, renal dysfunction, and angiopathy. To avoid falling into serious diabetes, it is important to control the glucose level by monitoring the daily concentration. To detect the glucose concentration in the blood, an enzymatic reaction is utilized, and portability with easy operation is required for sensors for personal use. Most of the portable glucose sensors currently used are electrode-type, the initial study of which was based on an oxygen electrode [1]. In 1962, Clark et al [2] succeeded in detecting the glucose in the blood by covering the oxygen electrode with glucose oxidase (GOD). In 1973, Guilbault et al [3] modified this approach to monitor the current flow by the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide on the electrode, and most glucose sensors today are based on this amperometric method

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