Abstract
Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based solid polymer electrolytes doped with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) and glycerol were fabricated using a solution casting method. Lithium-based energy storage devices are not environmentally friendly materials, and they are toxic. Thus, proton-conducting materials were used in this work as they are harmless and are smaller than lithium. The interaction between PVA and the electrolyte elements was shown by FTIR analysis. The highest conductivity of 1.82 × 10−5 S cm−1 was obtained by the highest-conducting plasticized system (PSP_2) at room temperature. The mobility, diffusion coefficient, and number density of anions and cations were found to increase with increasing glycerol. FESEM was used to investigate the influence of glycerol on film morphology. TNM showed that the cations and anions were the main charge carriers. LSV showed that the electrochemical stability window of the PSP_2 system was 1.99 V. The PSP_2 system was applied in the preparation of an electrical double layer capacitor device. The shape of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve was nearly rectangular with no Faradaic peaks. From the galvanostatic charge-discharge analysis, the power density, energy density, and specific capacitance values were nearly constant beyond the first cycle at 318.73 W/Kg, 2.06 Wh/Kg, and 18.30 F g−1, respectively, for 450 cycles.
Highlights
A poly (PVA)-based SPE incorporated with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4 SCN) and glycerol was successfully prepared, and the plasticized electrolyte was used for the preparation of an electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) device
50. wt. % PVA was dissolved in 40 mL distilled water, and it was stirred with a magnetic stirrer at 85 ◦ C for 65 min for the preparation of a PVA solution and was allowed to cool to room temperature (RT)
Hamsan et al [29] found the electrochemical stability window (ESW) of 1.88 V for the system starch/methyl cellulose/NH4NO3/glycerol and used the electrolyte for an EDLC
Summary
To provide better conductivity of SPEs, numerous methods have been used, such as the addition of ionic liquids and plasticizers and the blending of polymers to form blended and plasticized polymer electrolytes (PEs) [6,7], gel polymer electrolytes [8], and ionic liquid-based PEs. In this work, a poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based SPE incorporated with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4 SCN) and glycerol was successfully prepared, and the plasticized electrolyte was used for the preparation of an EDLC device. Through our research in this area, we intend to create commercially viable polymer electrolyte-based electrochemical energy storage devices. Attaining this aim requires testing of different polymer-based electrolyte systems, and improving various properties of the polymer electrolyte so as to reach the best solution. A proton-conducting PVA-based electrolyte is fabricated for the use in an EDLC device
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