Abstract
Potassium is one of the primary macro nutrients along with N and P nutrients, which plants need in large quantities. Lack of K nutrients, one of which can inhibit photosynthetic transport to plant seeds. The availability of K nutrients in paddy soil varies greatly depending on the chemical properties of other soils. This paper aims to evaluate the nutrient K characteristics of paddy fields, the K contribution from irrigation water and harvested straw, and the response of fertilization to rice yields. The availability of K nutrients, apart from being influenced by clay mineral composition, clay content, organic C and soil CEC, is also influenced by N fertilization, soil pH, exchangeable of Ca and Mg, and N-total. The content of potential K and exchangeable of K increases in paddy fields which are further east of Java Island because they have soil with parent material that is rich in potassium minerals. The content of exchangeable K is very closely related to the potential K with R2 = 0.53 (n = 73). Based on the map of the nutrient status of K rice fields with a scale of 1:250,000 in 23 provinces in Indonesia, it is known that most of the paddy fields have moderate K status at 37% and high 48%. The K content in paddy soil can be contributed by irrigation water as much as 7-74 kg K/ha/season. If all of the remaining rice straw from crop yields is returned to the field, the K nutrient requirements for rice plants in the medium and high K nutrient status fields have been fulfilled. The response to K fertilization in rice plants was only visible when the exchangeable K content < 0.10 cmol(+)/ kg. The policy implication of this paper is that K fertilization is focused on paddy fields with low K content, the effectiveness of K fertilization can be increased by returning rice straw from crop residues and proper N fertilization.
Highlights
Kalium merupakan salah satu hara makro primer bersama hara N dan P, yang dibutuhkan tanaman dalam jumlah yang banyak
This paper aims to evaluate the nutrient K characteristics of paddy fields, the K contribution from irrigation water and harvested straw, and the response of fertilization to rice yields
Makalah Poster Seminar Nasional Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Bogor, 14-15 September 2006
Summary
Hara K berada bersama Ca, Mg, K, Al, dan H dalam komplek jerapan, mereka saling meniadakan (antagonis) yang dipengarui oleh valensi dan jumlah yang berada dalam komplek jerapan. Grimme (1985) menyatakan bahwa keseimbangan konsentrasi hara K dalam larutan tanah tergantung pada K dapat dipertukarkan, pH, jumlah dan jenis mineral liat. Kandungan hara K dalam tanah dapat diketahui dari hasil analisis tanah di laboratorium maupun dengan Perangkat Uji Tanah Sawah (PUTS). Gejala defisiensi hara K dapat menjadi petunjuk untuk mengetahui kandungan hara K dengan gejala warna coklat tua dan mengering pada pinggir daun tanaman padi. Ketersediaan hara K tanah juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor tanah yang lain seperti, kadar liat, kandungan C-organik dan KTK tanah. Berdasarkan prinsip pengelolaan hara berimbang, dengan kandungan hara K tersebut berarti hara K yang ditambahkan hanya untuk memelihara agar status hara K dalam tanah tidak menjadi rendah. Pupuk K pemeliharaan dengan tujuan agar pada lahan sawah yang berstatus K sedang dan tinggi tidak menjadi berstatus rendah dapat diberikan sesuai
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