Abstract
The proximate composition of seeds and main physicochemical properties and thermal stability of oil extracted from Lannea microcarpa seeds were evaluated. The percentage composition of the seeds was: ash (3.11%), crude oil (64.90%), protein (21.14%), total carbohydrate (10.85%) and moisture (3.24%). Physicochemical properties of the oil were: refractive index, 1.473; melting point, 22.60°C; saponification value, 194.23 mg of KOH/g of oil; iodine value, 61.33 g of I2/100 g of oil; acid value, 1.21 mg of KOH/g of oil; peroxide value, 1.48 meq of O2/kg of oil and oxidative stability index, 43.20 h. Oleic (43.45%), palmitic (34.45%), linoleic (11.20%) and stearic (8.35%) acids were the most dominant fatty acids. Triacylglycerols with equivalent carbon number (ECN) 48 and ECN 46 were dominant (46.96% and 37.31%, respectively). The major triacylglycerol constituents were palmitoyl diolein (POO) (21.23%), followed by dipalmitoyl olein (POP) (16.47%), palmitoyl linoleyl olein (PLO) (12.03%), dipalmitoyl linolein (PLP) (10.85%) and dioleoyl linolein (LOO) (9.30%). The total polyphenol and tocopherol contents were 1.39 mg GAE g−1 DW and 578.56 ppm, respectively. γ-Tocopherol was the major tocopherol (437.23 ppm). These analytical results indicated that the L. microcarpa seed oil could be used as a frying oil and in the cosmetic industry.
Highlights
Recent studies have shown that some seeds might have useful applications in animal feeds, based on their nutritional values, and as raw materials for paint formulations, based on the amount and nature of their constituent oils [1]
Important concentrations of phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant capacities have been found in the fruit (1005.75 mg/100 g of fruit) [4]. 4'-methoxymyricetin 3-O-α-Lrhamnopyranoside, myricetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, myricetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, vitexin, isovitexin, gallic acid, and epicatechin have been identified as major constituents of the leaf extracts [3]
Partial reports are available on its seed and seed oil protein and lipid contents and their compositions [5], literature reports concerning the detailed lipid, triacylglycerol and phenolic compounds composition and oil stability are rather lacking
Summary
Recent studies have shown that some seeds might have useful applications in animal feeds, based on their nutritional values, and as raw materials for paint formulations, based on the amount and nature of their constituent oils [1]. The genus Lannea belongs to the Anacardiaceae family and comprises about 40 species which are restricted to Africa [2]. Partial reports are available on its seed and seed oil protein and lipid contents and their compositions [5], literature reports concerning the detailed lipid, triacylglycerol and phenolic compounds composition and oil stability are rather lacking. This study was conducted to document the characteristics, composition and oxidative stability of L. microcarpa seeds and seed oil in order to determine their potential to be commercially exploited for industrial applications
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