Abstract
BackgroundHypertension (HTN) is one of the major cardiovascular risk factors, which contributes to increasing target organ damages and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Isolated systolic HTN (ISH) and isolated diastolic HTN (IDH) are two important subtypes of HTN. Previous researches have demonstrated the alteration of fecal bacteria in HTN, but not down to these two sub-types. In order to identify whether the composition of bacterial taxa and functional modules shift in ISH and IDH, we performed a metagenomic sequencing analysis of fecal samples from 15 controls, 14 ISH, and 11 IDH.ResultsCompared with control and ISH, IDH patients showed decreased gene number, bacterial richness, and evenness, although the bacterial alterations did not reach statistical significance in the Shannon index. Also, at the genus level, the β-diversity for intestinal flora in IDH was distinguishable from those with ISH. Furthermore, the taxonomic composition of ISH or IDH was different from that of healthy control at genus and species levels. Patients with IDH or ISH were confirmed to be enriched with Rothia mucilaginosa, along with reduced Clostridium sp. ASBs410. Lastly, the altered KEGG modules were significantly decreased in IDH compared with the control group, such as sodium transport system; while for ISH, functions relevant to biotin biosynthesis were decreased.ConclusionsOverall, our results showed the disordered fecal bacteria profiles in subjects with ISH and especially IDH, emphasizing the significance of early intervention for IDH.
Highlights
Hypertension (HTN) is one of the major cardiovascular risk factors, which substantially contributed to increasing target organ damage, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]
Compared to controls, Isolated systolic HTN (ISH) and isolated diastolic HTN (IDH) patients presented with extremely higher systolic blood pressure (BP) (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), respectively (P values < 0.01)
Gut microbial diversity of ISH and IDH A total of 223.03 Gb 125 bp paired-end reads were generated from the raw data (244.67 Gb), with an average of 5.5759 ± 0.6260 (s.d.) million reads per sample (Table S1)
Summary
Hypertension (HTN) is one of the major cardiovascular risk factors, which substantially contributed to increasing target organ damage, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Changes in the bacterial composition do not necessary indicate a dysbiosis condition, and bacterial community might find new stable configuration that not result in dysbiotic conditions according to the concepts of microbial resilience proposed by investigators in recent years [11]. Emerging investigations have identified the aberrant fecal bacteria in various animal models [13, 14], and hypertensive patients [15], such as a decreased bacterial diversity, disordered microbial structure and functions. Hypertension (HTN) is one of the major cardiovascular risk factors, which contributes to increasing target organ damages and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. In order to identify whether the composition of bacterial taxa and functional modules shift in ISH and IDH, we performed a metagenomic sequencing analysis of fecal samples from 15 controls, 14 ISH, and 11 IDH
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