Abstract
Medical waste incinerator fly ash (MWIFA) is quite different from municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWIFA) due to its special characteristics of high levels of chlorines, dioxins, carbon constituents, and heavy metals, which may cause irreversible harm to environment and human beings if managed improperly. However, treatment of MWIFA has rarely been specifically mentioned. In this review, various treatment techniques for MSWIFA, and their merits, demerits, applicability, and limitations for MWIFA are reviewed. Natural properties of MWIFA including the high contents of chlorine and carbonaceous matter that might affect the treatment effects of MWIFA are also depicted. Finally, several commendatory and feasible technologies such as roasting, residual carbon melting, the mechanochemical technique, flotation, and microwave treatment are recommended after an overall consideration of the special characteristics of MWIFA, balancing environmental, technological, economical information.
Highlights
Medical waste incinerator fly ash (MWIFA) refers to a kind of incineration residue accounting for approximately 3–5 wt.% total mass of the original waste, which is collected by the bag filter of the waste incineration system [1]
MWIFAfan; contains highfly amount of chlorides, carbon constituents, and toxic heavy metals, which makes it more difficult to handle compared with municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWIFA)
MWIFA contains high amount of chlorides, carbon constituents, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and toxic heavy metals, which makes it more difficult to handle compared with MSWIFA
Summary
Medical waste incinerator fly ash (MWIFA) refers to a kind of incineration residue accounting for approximately 3–5 wt.% total mass of the original waste, which is collected by the bag filter of the waste incineration system [1]. MWIFA contains high levels of dioxins, leachable alkali chlorides, carbon constituents, and heavy metals. The dioxins in fly ash typically account for more than. 80% of that in the incinerator [2,3]. It has been designated as hazardous waste by many countries. MWIFA contains quite large amounts of chlorines and carbons, which makes the constituents of MWIFA more complex than MSWIFA and, treatment of MWIFA is more difficult. Suitable techniques for MWIFA treatment need to be explored [4]
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