Characteristics and Reducing Methods of Urban Particulate Matter

Abstract

Purpose: Modern-day cities are experiencing various problems that have not been experienced before. For instance, abnormal climate in various areas accompanied by climate change is regarded as a representative urban problem, and it causes other issues. Recently, particulate matter (PM) is emerging as a major urban problem. Particulate matter is a complex result of many factors and is closely related to abnormal climate. Therefore, in this study, we aim to identify the characteristics of the PM generated and active in cities from the perspective of urban planning. In addition, we seek to draw the possibility and implications for reducing urban PM through case analysis. Method: This study consists of theoretical and case studies. Based on preceding studies, the conceptual definition of ‘urban PM’ was established. Moreover, the main factors affecting the generation and activity of PM in the city were identified. In the case study, we analyzed the cases focusing on ‘reduction’ as a way to solve the urban PM problem. Result: Urban PM is influenced by urban functions structures and components, climate and nature. In order to cope with PM, urban spaces can be conceptually divided into ‘road’, a hot spot that generates PM, and ‘open space’ and ‘building’, where the particulate matter moves and spreads. The ways to solve urban PM problem can be divided into ‘prevention’, which minimizes the impact in advance in response to the causes of PM, and ‘reduction’, which minimizes the damage to the generated PM. ‘Prevention’ consists of legal and institutional regulations, spatial unit management, measurement, forecasting and warning systems. ‘Reduction’ includes ecological, physical and chemical solutions.