Characteristics and Meteorological Factors of Severe Haze Pollution in China

Chao He,Jiayi Huang,Peiyue Tu,Song Hong,Biqin Ke,Lu Yang,Hang Mu,Herminia García Mozo

doi:10.1155/2021/6680564

Chao He, Jiayi Huang + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6680564

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Abstract

A severe haze pollution incident caused by unfavorable weather conditions and a northern air mass occurred in eastern, northern, northwestern, and southwestern China from January 15 to January 22, 2018. To comparatively analyze variations in PM2.5 pollution, hourly monitoring data and 24 h meteorological data were collected. Air quality observations revealed large spatiotemporal variation in PM2.5 concentrations in Handan, Zhengzhou, Xi’an, Yuncheng, Chengdu, Xiangyang, and Jinan. The daily mean PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 111.35 to 227.23 μg·m−³, with concentration being highest in Zhengzhou. Hourly mean PM2.5 concentration presented multiple U-shaped curves, with higher values at night and lower values during the day. The ratios of PM2.5 to PM10 were large in target cities and the results of multiscale geographic weighted regression model (MGWR) and Pearson correlation coefficients showed that PM2.5 had a significant positive or negative correlation with PM10, CO, NO2, and SO2. The concentration of PM2.5 was closely related to the combustion of fossil fuels and other organic compounds, indicating the large contribution of secondary aerosols to PM2.5 concentrations. The analysis of meteorological conditions showed that low temperature, low wind speed, and high relative humidity could aggravate the accumulation of regional pollutants in winter. Northwestern trajectory clusters were predominant contributions except in Jinan, and the highest PM2.5 concentrations in target cities were associated with short trajectory clusters in winter. The potential sources calculated by Weight Potential Source Contribution Function (WPSCF) and Weight Concentration-Weighted Trajectory (WCWT) models were similar and the highest values of the WPSCF (>0.5) and the WCWT (>100 μg·m−³) were mainly distributed in densely populated, industrial, arid, and semiarid regions.

Highlights

Severe haze pollution events occur frequently in winter in China and are dominated by PM2.5
Northern cities receive relatively weak effects from monsoons, slower wind speeds, and small amount of precipitation, resulting in drier air and more sandstorms, which more often occur in winter, so it is easier for pollutants to enter the air
We analyzed the effects of meteorological conditions and identified potential pollution sources. is study provides an important scientific basis for the design of pollution control strategies in this region

Summary

Introduction

Severe haze pollution events occur frequently in winter in China and are dominated by PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters no larger than 2.5 μm). Many studies have presented long-term measurements and analysis of PM2.5 concentrations in Handan, Zhengzhou, Xi’an, Yuncheng, Chengdu, Xiangyang, and Jinan during the last ten years. E PSCF value for the ijth cell is defined as PSCFij mij, nij (3). Where nij is the total number of trajectory endpoints that fall in the ijth grid cells and mij is the total number of trajectory endpoints for which the monitored pollutant concentration exceeds a threshold value in the cells (Kong et al, 2013; [28]). The grid cell size was 0.5°× 0.5 latitude-longitude and we defined 75 μg·m− as the threshold value of PM2.5 mass concentration. E weighting function reduced PSCF values when the total number of the endpoints in a cell was fewer than three times the average number of endpoints for all cells.

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