Characteristics and Management Plan for the Distribution of Nelumbo nucifera community in Junam Wetland

Abstract

Background and objective If the <italic>Nelumbo nucifera</italic> spreads in a wetland at a high density, it can have considerable positive and negative ecological effects on habitats. For this reason, it is necessary to precisely investigate the impacts of its rapid proliferation. This study was conducted to propose the distribution and management of <italic>N. nucifera</italic>, which can cause the degradation of wildlife habitats due to the rapid spread of internal and external environmental factors that may affect the Junam wetland ecosystem. Methods For the investigation and analysis of physical and ecological characteristics, factors of the abiotic environment such as general weather conditions, topography and water depth structure, and soil and water quality analysis, and bioenvironment characteristics such as changes in the <italic>N. nucifera</italic> community distribution were evaluated. To assess whether the differences in the soil depth and physicochemical characteristics between the <italic>N. nucifera</italic> community and the aquatic plant community are statistically significant, a One-way ANOVA was executed. Results <italic>N. nucifera</italic> was presumably introduced in approximately 2007 and observed at a prevalence of only 0.8% in 2009, but had expanded to 11.1% in 2014. After that, the area was increased to 19.3% in 2015 and 40.0% in 2017, about twice that of the previous survey year. The rapid diffusion of an <italic>N. nucifera</italic> colony can have adverse effects on wildlife habitats and biodiversity at Junam Wetland. To solve these problems, four management methods can be proposed; water level management, mowing management, installation of posts and removal of lotus roots. Control of the <italic>N. nucifera</italic> community using these methods was judged to be suitable for cutting and water level management when considering expansion rate, water level variation, and wildlife habitat impacts. Conclusion As the biotic and abiotic environmental factors are different for each wetland, it is necessary to determine the timing and method of management through a detailed investigation.