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Abstract
The clear understanding of characteristics and trends of solid waste generation is essential for the optimization of waste collection and treatment systems. Taking 651 cities in China as a sample, this study adopts correlation analysis and the Q-type clustering model to explore the characteristics and general trends of solid waste generation (SWG) of five cities of different scale from 2007 to 2016. The results show that the trends of average amount and the annual per capita SWG are diversified in cities of different scale. The permanent residents and regional GDP have prominent impacts on SWG in large cities, megacities, and super megacities compared to those from small and medium-sized cities. The urban area is highly correlated with the SWG of all cities. Nearly one third of cities are characterized by high population density, high economic growth and low SWG. Furthermore, the factor models are developed to forecast the amount of SWG, which have a descriptive capacity of 96%, 95.4%, 92.6%, and 84.2% for the overall cities, large cities, medium-sized cities and small cities respectively.
Highlights
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the main byproducts of urban life
Regulations, and policies have been formulated in recent years in China, such as Measures for Management of Municipal Solid Waste issued by Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development of the People’s Republic of China (MOHURD) in 2007, Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China revised in 2014, the 13th Five-year Planning for the Construction of Harmless Disposal Facilities for Municipal Solid Waste proposed by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) in 2016, and the State Directory of Dangerous Wastes released by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (MEP) in 2017
The clear understanding of characteristics and trends of solid waste generation is the base for the estimation of the amount of municipal solid waste generation (MSWG), which is the fundamental step for the design and optimization of waste collection and treatment system in terms of the additional costs and environmental impacts [13,14]
Summary
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the main byproducts of urban life. Approximately 3.5 million tons of MSW is generated daily on a global scale [1]. A number of studies have explored the characteristics of MSWG in China. Xu et al [22] found that GDP, per capita disposable income, tourist number, urbanization rate, annual average temperature, family characteristics and city scale had direct impact on MSWG in Xiamen. Miriam et al [17] found that cities with a population of more than 50,000 in Spain generated greater MSW, while certain socio-economic variables (such as people and possession of cars) reduced MSWG. Overall, existing studies have mainly focused on a specific city or region in China, and there is a lack of detailed studies on the trends of the MSWG on the national scale. Based on the features of SWG in cities of different scale, the factor model is developed to forecast MSWG
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