Abstract
Mannitol is an organic compound, a widely distributed natural sugar alcohol in nature. It is found in various plant species and produced by many microorganisms. Mannitol is about 50% as sweet as sucrose, has a low glycaemic index and inert nature, making it suitable to be used in many food products. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic administering through the iv route and having many clinical usages and is one of the well-known excipients in many different types of formulations. This is also used to increase the dissolution of drugs having solubility problems. Mannitol can be used as a drug and excipient. The goal of this work was to summarize the important physicochemical properties, mechanism of action, production, applications, incompatibilities, polymorphism, and particularly the analytical methodologies published in the last five decades for quantification. Relevant articles related to analytical methods were identified through a search of the English-language literature indexed in Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect and google scholar from 1970 to till date. The search terms were benign estimation of mannitol, determination of mannitol, methods for determination of mannitol, HPLC and Spectrophotometry method for estimation of mannitol. The methods described in USP, IP, and BP are also described. The presented review also outlines the further scope of research in the field of development of analytical methods.
Highlights
One of the naturally occurring alcohols found in vegetables and fruits is Mannitol, and it is widely used as an osmotic diuretic [1]
Mannitol is recommended in increased ocular pressure [7]
Mannitol is an aliphatic compound without any aromatic rings which cannot be measured under the UV spectrophotometry method
Summary
One of the naturally occurring alcohols found in vegetables and fruits is Mannitol, and it is widely used as an osmotic diuretic [1]. The Joseph Louis Proust discovered mannitol in the year 1806 [2]. This is sweet and available as a white, odorless crystalline powder or free-flowing granules [3]. The D-enantiomer of Mannitol, D-Mannitol ((2R, 3R, 4R, 5R)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol) 1) can be used by IV or oral route [4]. The physical properties of Mannitol are given under table 1. Properties CAS No Synonyms Mol formula Mol. weight Melting Point Boiling Point pKa at 18 °C Solubility (water)
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