Abstract
In order to provide a reference for the correct forecasting of short-term heavy rainfall and better disaster prevention and mitigation services in Shanxi Province, China, it is very important to carry out systematic research on short-term heavy precipitation events in Shanxi Province. Based on hourly precipitation data during the flood season (May to September) from 109 meteorological stations in Shanxi, China in 1980-2015, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of short-time heavy rainfall during the flood season are analyzed by using wavelet analysis and Mann-Kendall test. The results show that the short-time heavy rainfall in the flood season in Shanxi Province is mainly at the grade of 20 - 30 mm/h, with an average of 97 stations having short-time heavy rainfall each year, accounting for 89% of the total stations. The short-time heavy rainfall mainly concentrated in July and August, and the maximal rain intensity in history appeared at 23 - 24 on June 17, 1991 in Yongji, Shanxi is 91.7 mm/h. During the flood season, the short-time heavy rainfalls always occur at 16 - 18 pm, and have slightly different concentrated time in different months. The main peaks of June, July and August are at 16, 17 and 18 respectively, postponed for one hour. Short-time heavy rainfall overall has the distribution that the south is more than the north and the east less than the west in Shanxi area. In the last 36 years, short-time heavy rainfall has a slight increasing trend in Shanxi, but not significant. There is a clear 4-year period of oscillation and inter-decadal variation. It has a good correlation between the total precipitation and times of short-time heavy rainfall during the flood season.
Highlights
Short-term heavy precipitation refers to the weather phenomenon in which the precipitation intensity is large in a short period of time, and its rainfall reaches or exceeds a certain amount, which is one of the main extreme precipitation weather (Yang et al, 2018)
The results show that the short-time heavy rainfall in the flood season in Shanxi Province is mainly at the grade of 20 - 30 mm/h, with an average of 97 stations having short-time heavy rainfall each year, accounting for 89% of the total stations
The short-time heavy rainfall mainly concentrated in July and August, and the maximal rain intensity in history appeared at 23 - 24 on June 17, 1991 in Yongji, Shanxi is 91.7 mm/h
Summary
Short-term heavy precipitation refers to the weather phenomenon in which the precipitation intensity is large in a short period of time, and its rainfall reaches or exceeds a certain amount, which is one of the main extreme precipitation weather (Yang et al, 2018). The results show that the sub-frequency geographical distribution of China’s short-term heavy precipitation is similar to heavy rain (≥50 mm/d). The distributions are very similar, but the short-term heavy precipitation above 50 mm/h has a very low frequency and a significant difference in geographical distribution. Yao et al (2010) use the data of 485 stations in China from 1991 to 2005; it is concluded that the area with the highest frequency of rain intensity above 4 mm/h is on the southern coast, and the daily variation of the frequency of rain intensity is different in each region. Han & Miao (2012), Yin et al (2012) and others (Cai et al, 2014; Peng et al, 2012; Hao et al, 2012; Yang et al, 2010; Guo et al, 2007; Yin et al, 2010; Shen et al, 2015; Wang & Wang, 2013; Gu, 2013; Wang et al, 2016; Shen et al, 2017) analyzed short-term heavy rainfall in various regions of the country from different aspects
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