Characteristic profiles of Ciguatera toxins in different strains of Gambierdiscus spp.

Abstract

Ciguatera fish poisoning characterizes the intoxication caused by consumption of fish from tropical and subtropical areas, which have accumulated ciguatoxins (CTXs). The observed pattern of ciguatoxins in fish highly depends on the marine region and the causative organisms. It is evident that differences exist between ciguatoxins produced by certain strains of the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus and other Gambierdiscus spp. In this context cultured strains purchased from the Provasoli–Guillard National Center for Culture of Marine Phytoplankton (CCMP) and strains from Vietnam were analyzed. Besides, lyophilized samples of several Gambierdiscus spp. from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), USA and lyophilized samples of G. toxicus from Vietnam were analyzed. The latter has been cultured at different salinities. We observed differences between the toxin ratios of the analogues in the strain from Vietnam depending on the salinity. The CTX profiles of the Vietnamese samples were compared with cultures of Gambierdiscus spp. from CCMP and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) resulting in an overview of toxins in cultures from different regions. Hence, it was obvious that the strain from Vietnam forms a characteristic CTX profile which is not directly comparable to CTX pattern observed in other tropical marine regions.