Characteristic of the mechanism of intellectual capital creation and use for domestic machine-building enterprises under the conditions of transition to knowledge economy

Abstract

The vector of modern economy development is becoming more and more directed to the innovative way of development and the intellectual capital having direct impact on the countries competitiveness in the world market and are also new source of economic development based on knowledge. Development of the enterprise, society is based on the reproduction and expansion of material and non-material values which provide national economy growth. Intellectual capital is an important means. Intellectual capital is an important source of influence on competitiveness not only at the microlevel, but also meso – and macrolevels. Due to the generation of innovative products and technologies, improvement of technologies and business processes the intellectual capital can directly influence the national and world economy. Development of scientific and technical progress causes changes in working conditions, modify conditions and factors of economic activity. The value of the intellectual capital in industry constantly grows. Dramatic changes are needed in scientific and technical direction on the industry which demands highly qualified personnel. New professions, types of employment occur. The economic status of the enterprise depends on the fact how much highly qualified personnel are interested in the achieved result. The education level of the worker, his/her vocational training becomes a decisive factor of the enterprise economic growth All this is due to the fact that modern mechanical engineering industry, modernization of the enterprises requires qualified personnel as mistakes can result in large losses both financial and environmental. The carrier of the human capital has unique ability to perceive and transfer information. Reproduction of the human capital provides process of continuous restoration, forms, proportions, relations. From the economic point of view, human capital is interpreted as the production of human potential abilities making profit and the fact that the person is the carrier of economically significant qualities and abilities. The importance of the intellectual capital as the defining factor of economic growth and competitiveness of the enterprise and the country in general is socially substantiated. The economic essence and the main components of the intellectual capital of machine-building enterprise are considered. Definition of the concept «intellectual capital» under which the set of interdependent intellectual resources which steadily provide achievement of cost efficiency and strengthening of competitiveness of the enterprise is specified. Intellectual resources represent one of the types of economic resources comprising results of creative and intellectual work of people and also the organizational knowledge peculiar to this enterprise which can be used for long-term receiving of benefits and their sale. It is reasonable to divide the whole set of resources making the intellectual capital into two big groups of intellectual resources: resources of personnel and results of intellectual activity consisting of the results of intellectual activity and potential of business processes. In the component structure of intellectual capital an important role is played by the human capital without which further development of all its other components is impossibl. The main groups of influence on the structural elements of enterprise intellectual capital are considered.