Abstract
Converting biomass waste to high value-added product, such as biocomposite, tends to attract the interest of researcher and industry. Reducing the utilization of synthetic resin adhesives becomes one of the important points, considering the safe global environment. Binderlessboard is a product whose bonding depends mainly on the chemical composition of the raw materials. The aim of this research was to develop bio-based composites made from bamboo biomass waste materials. This report focused on the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards. To improve the properties of the boards, the possibility of using citric acid was investigated and discussed. Petung bamboo particles (Dendrocalamus asper Backer) were used in this research. The contents of citric acid were ranged in 0% (binderlessboard), 10%, and 20% based on dried particles. The dimension of the boards was 25 x 25 x 0.7 cm, with the target density was 0.9 g/cm3. The particleboards were hot pressed at 200ºC and 220ºC for 10 and 15 min. The physical and mechanical properties of those particleboards were then evaluated based on Japanese Industrial Standard A 5908 for particleboard. The results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the boards improved significantly by adding the citric acid. The bamboo particleboards obtained had good properties, with the spesific IB, specific MOR and specific MOE values under the optimum condition of 20 wt % citric acid content and 200ºC hot press were 0.44 MPa, 15.1 MPa and 4.6 GPa, respectively. It stated that bamboo particleboards bonded using citric acid had high performance on mechanical properties and good dimensional stability.
Highlights
Bamboo is a fast growing species and high potential renewable resources, development of effective utilization of bambo becomes more and more interesting
There are no reports on bamboo particleboard bonded using citric acid, this study focused on the effect of citric acid addition on the physical and mechanical properties of bamboo particleboards, while the other properties will be exposed on further report
The boards density ranged from 0.73 to 0.79 g/cm3, and the density increased with increasing citric acid content, which ranged from 0.83 to 0.93 g/cm3.The boards hot-pressed at 220oC were darker in color and more brittle than boards hot-pressed at 200oC
Summary
Bamboo is a fast growing species and high potential renewable resources, development of effective utilization of bambo becomes more and more interesting. In Indonesia, Petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) is one of the bamboo species that are abundantly available, which is widely used for housing. Production of bamboo particleboard as a waste byproduct from bamboo processing industry, is one of the value-added products supporting the zero-emission concept. More than 50% of the total chemical constituents in petung bamboo is holocellulose (Dransfield and Widjaja 1995). Bamboo binderless particleboard could be manufactured by using the hot pressing system without any delamination (Widyorini et al 2011). This research showed that the binderless boards made from 20±2% moisture content particles can meet the Japanese Industrial Standard for particleboard and showed better mechanical as well as dimensional properties than those made from air-dried particles. The properties of the binderlessboard still need to be improved
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