Abstract
This work discusses the classification of bridge structures and their models. Examples of hybrid models are also indicated in the case of homogeneous and mixed structures. Where hybrid design and model cases are presented, an algorithm for the analysis of contact interactions between subsystems is provided. The soil and shell structure is adopted as an example of analyses, where in its characteristic feature, differentiating it from classic bridges, is the large influence of both the soil backfill and the road surface as load-bearing elements of the structure. There are two structural subsystems present in the model of the soil-shell structure: a corrugated sheet coating and a soil backfill with a surface. The interaction between them is modeled as a contact interaction, i.e. forces with a direction normal and tangent to the line of the circumferential band of the shell. The paper presents an algorithm of their analysis, resulting from the outcomes of tests with the use of strain gauges, with the load being a vehicle changing its position. The advantage of the algorithm is that it takes into account the actual physical properties of the soil in the backfill layers and the contact layer of the coating with the soil. Direct contact force measurements along the entire length of the circumferential strip are very difficult. In practice, pressure gauges are used to determine normal interactions.
Highlights
This work discusses the classification of bridge structures and their models
The paper discusses the classification of bridge structures and their models of the geometry of the supporting system
The use of hybrid models was indicated in the case of homogeneous and mixed structures
Summary
According to the Dictionary of Foreign Words, a hybrid is an object that is made up of different elements that do not fit together. It follows that it is a mixed structure of a suspended bridge (as in Fig. 1) and a hanging bridge, as systems consisting of various elements: band, beam, and pillar. In this case, the performance characteristics of the elements, and not the variety of materials, are taken as the basis for classification [11]. A special group consists of integrated bridge structures [4] as hybrid structures This type of bridge structure may be made of a homogeneous material, e.g. concrete, but the homogeneous structure of the bridge cooperates in the model with the ground as the second subsystem.
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