Abstract
Premature aging can be triggered by free radicals from UV rays, since exposure to these rays can cause the skin to experience oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induces intracellular DNA damage, protein denaturation, and lipid peroxidation that lead to cell death. However, cell death can be prevented with antioxidants such as carotenoids, which are among the potential natural compounds for its treatment. Sources of carotenoids include microbial symbionts associated with Sinularia sp., one of which is the bacterium Virgibacillus salarius strain 19.PP.Sc1.6, a carotenoid-producing bacteria. This study aims to explore the utilization of carotenoids from the bacterium V. salarius strain 19.PP.Sc1.6 for the preparation of anti-aging creams. Furthermore, the method employed three formulations (vs, ow, and wo) containing different types of cream tested for stability, and antioxidant and sunscreen abilities. The results obtained established that the carotenoid extract from V. salarius strain 19.PP.Sc1.6 was more stable in the cream vs. the oil-in-water type cream with an anionic emulsifier.
Highlights
Premature aging is a degenerative disease characterized by dry, wrinkled, rough skin and black spots [1]
The bacterial symbiont V. salarius strain 19.PP.Sc1.6 isolated from Sinularia sp. originated from Panjang Island, Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia; the specific point is at the coordinates of “6◦34 37.35 S”, “110◦37 52.01 E”
V. salarius strain 19.PP.Sc1.6 is a sample of bacterial symbiont associated with a soft coral Sinularia sp. [16]
Summary
Premature aging is a degenerative disease characterized by dry, wrinkled, rough skin and black spots [1]. Two factors trigger premature aging, namely internal factors such as stress, endurance, hormonal changes, and health as well as external factors including ultraviolet rays and free radicals. Free radicals are oxygen-containing molecules whose atomic arrangement is unstable and, undergo chain reactions that can occur in the body and lead to continuous damage [2]. Free radicals are very reactive and dangerous substances that cause damage to the tissues of the body which may lead to the development of various diseases in old age [3]. Free radicals are possible to overcome by using antioxidants [4] which stop chain reactions triggered by free radicals by donating electrons to the unstable molecules. Examples of antioxidant compounds include carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin E [5]
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