Abstract
Frequent droughts and waterlogging events are a threat to food security. An understanding of the spatial and temporal variations that occur during such events is essential when conducting a regional and/or global drought and waterlogging assessment. The goal of this study is to define a comprehensive index that considers the continuum system of atmosphere, crops, and soil moisture impacts on droughts and waterlogging events, and to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of such events in the development of maize. The results show that the proposed comprehensive drought and waterlogging index (CDWI) can bring together the advantages of a single drought and waterlogging index and reasonably describe its range. During the study period, the annual trends of the CDWI decreased at different growth stages from 1982 to 2015, whereas the CDWI did not show significant spatial heterogeneity during any particular stage. Increasing trends of CDWI over 0.019/year were found in the northern part of Midwestern Jilin Province from the emergence to tasseling stages. In addition, decreasing trends were observed in the study area from the tasseling to maturation stages. Slight drought and waterlogging events occurred more frequently than moderate and serious drought and waterlogging events.
Highlights
As one of the countries with the most natural disasters in the world, the various types of natural disasters that take place frequently often cause severe damage in China [1], and meteorological and related disasters account for more than 70% of the losses incurred [2]
The precipitation is governed by the East Asian summer monsoons, extreme droughts and waterlogging events have increased owing to the impact of the East Asian monsoons since the 1970s, threatening human life and development [5,6]
The temporal trends showed a high similarity between the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and comprehensive drought and waterlogging index (CDWI), which decreased during each growth period of maize
Summary
As one of the countries with the most natural disasters in the world, the various types of natural disasters that take place frequently often cause severe damage in China [1], and meteorological and related disasters account for more than 70% of the losses incurred [2]. The precipitation is governed by the East Asian summer monsoons, extreme droughts and waterlogging events have increased owing to the impact of the East Asian monsoons since the 1970s, threatening human life and development [5,6]. The probability of drought occurrence is expected to increase by nearly 100% by the year 2050 [9]. Since the 1960s, owing to climate warming, the frequency of extreme weather events has steadily increased, including severe precipitation [10]. The frequent occurrence of droughts and waterlogging disasters has been a problem inhibiting the survival and development of the Chinese people, which has interfered with normal agricultural production, but has restricted the production and livelihood of regional areas [12]. The characteristics of drought and waterlogging disasters have become the focus and a key research subject of local meteorological departments, and has attracted increasing attention from policy makers and scholars in various countries
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