Characterising microplastics in indoor air: Insights from Raman imaging analysis of air filter samples

Abstract

We are directly exposed to microplastic contamination via indoor air that we breathe daily, for which the characterisation of microplastics is still a challenge. Herein, two typical air filter samples were collected, one from an air-conditioner and another from a personal computer, both of which have been working for around half a year to collect and accumulate microplastics in the indoor air, like microplastic banks. After the sample preparation to remove the mineral dusts, Raman imaging was employed to directly and simultaneously identify and visualise microplastics of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibres, distinguish them from other fibres such as cellulose and cross-check them with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). To count the microplastics and to avoid the quantification bias, several areas were randomly scanned and imaged to statistically estimate the percentage of microplastic fibres in the analysed samples. The microplastics amount, which has been estimated at 73–88,000 fibers per filter per half a year, varies and depends on the indoor environment so that the air filter can work as a good indicator to monitor the quality of the indoor air from the microplastic perspective. Overall, human are directly exposed to this emerging contamination every day, raising environmental concerns. Raman imaging characterisation and its corresponding statistical information can help pursue further research on microplastics.