Abstract
The present study aims at analysing the dimensional distribution of granulate grains all along the Togolese littoral and identifying the law of their longitudinal distributions. In this regard two hundred and ten (210) samples are collected all along the Togolese littoral from the Togo-Ghana border up to Togo-Benin border and another ten (10) samples on each side of a spike located at 37.5 PK. Samples dried at 105°C for 20 h are then subjected to screening test. Their longitudinal size distributions, uniformity coefficients and bendings are then specified. It is apparent that the sediments of the Togolese littoral consist of grains of category ‘’F3’’ that are getting bigger and bigger, less and less tight, badly graduated and more open in accretion and erosion zones in the direction of the littoral drift. Natural and artificial works all along the Togolese littoral enable to identify three categories of sediment (fine, medium-size and big) corresponding to properly determined usages in the concrete.
Highlights
Most of civil engineering works, completed in Togo are in concrete which is a composite material made generally of granulates, binders and water
The aim of this study is to find out the law of the size and longitudinal distribution through parameters of differential distribution, coefficients of Hazen, uniformity and granulate class of the littoral sediments of Togo
It emerges from this study that sediments from the littoral are made up of grains that are getting bigger and bigger in the accretion zones and erosion zone in the direction of the littoral drifting
Summary
Most of civil engineering works, completed in Togo are in concrete which is a composite material made generally of granulates, binders and water. The choice of the size of granulates depends on expected results for concrete (desired features) such as Watertight concrete, shockproof concrete, hard wearing, compression resistant, bending resistant and impact resistant concrete, permeable concrete, workability of concrete: These are the features that are found for a concrete (Aitcin, 1998). The fundamental perimeter that influences the physical aspect of concrete is the granulate form characterized by its size distribution. In order to meet sand demands projects are completed in Lomé and in the Togolese littoral areas. In the course of these projects sands from the Togolese littoral are very often used without knowing their different characteristics depending on their transversally and longitudinally geographical position
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