Abstract
Plant-mediated routes for synthesising metal oxide nanoparticles are gaining tremendous attention due to the benefits of the technique: simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. We compared the properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) made from aqueous leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Manihot esculenta, both of which are abundant on the African continent. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was first assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the types of biomolecules involved in the reducing and capping processes that result in ZnONP formation. After that, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to study ZnONP formation, morphological characteristics, elemental composition, shape and size properties, and phase composition. The ZnONPs made with Chromolaena odorata leaf extract had a better distribution of spherical and hexagonal forms, with an average particle size of 42.35 nm. The ZnONPs made with Manihot esculenta leaf as a reductant had a particle size of 14.71 nm on average and were more agglomerated with poor particle distribution. Phytosterols were shown to be the most important biomolecules in the reduction and capping reactions, according to GC-MS and FTIR analyses. In this study, we created a cost-effective technique for the synthesis of eco-friendly ZnONPs for diverse applications, particularly in Africa, using Chromolaena odorata and Manihot esculenta leaves.Significance: This study could provide useful information on how the phytochemicals embedded in Chromolaena odorata and Manihot esculenta could influence the properties of the ZnONPs obtained from them. Differences in morphology and formation yield of ZnONPs are obtainable from aqueous leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Manihot esculenta. Chromolaena odorata and Manihot esculenta could serve as dependable raw materials for the green synthesis of ZnONPs in Africa.
Highlights
Due to their unique features as compared to bulk materials, nanostructured materials with dimensions of 1–100 nm have attracted a lot of research in recent decades.[1]
Using the leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Manihot esculenta, the current study offers yet another intriguing opportunity to extend the green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs)
Nanoparticles are known to absorb visible to near-infrared radiation depending on their size and shape. This phenomenon is known as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and is linked to the collective oscillation of surface electrons of nanoparticles
Summary
Due to their unique features as compared to bulk materials, nanostructured materials with dimensions of 1–100 nm have attracted a lot of research in recent decades.[1]. Metal oxide nanoparticles have been used as antibacterial and anticancer drug/gene delivery vehicles, and in cell imaging and biosensing materials, among other biomedical uses.[2] metal oxide nanoparticles are important in the field of catalysis.[3]. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are a type of metal oxide nanoparticle that has good ultraviolet (UV) lightabsorbing characteristics as well as visible light transparency, making them ideal as sunscreen agents.[4] because of their capacity to produce reactive oxygen species and induce apoptosis, they are being studied as antibacterial and anticancer drugs. The US Food and Drug Administration has designated bulk ZnO as ‘a generally recognised as safe’ chemical, making ZnONPs appealing for drug administration.[5] As a result, ZnONPs are thought to be superior to other metal oxide nanoparticles like iron oxide nanoparticles, which have anticancer, antibacterial, and UV-absorbing capabilities. A report[6] on the safety of ZnONPs demonstrates that they do not interact with the majority of pharmaceutically accessible compounds
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