Abstract
The Hamamatsu R12199-02 3-inch photomultiplier tube is the photodetector chosen for the first phase of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope. About 7000 photomultipliers have been characterised for dark count rate, timing spread and spurious pulses. The quantum efficiency, the gain and the peak-to-valley ratio have also been measured for a sub-sample in order to determine parameter values needed as input to numerical simulations of the detector.
Highlights
- Qualification tests of the R11410-21 photomultiplier tubes for the XENON1T detector P
: The Hamamatsu R12199-02 3-inch photomultiplier tube is the photodetector chosen for the first phase of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope
About 7000 photomultipliers have been characterised for dark count rate, timing spread and spurious pulses
Summary
The dark counts are random noise pulses that can be measured at the anode of a PMT even in total darkness. Bialkali photocathodes (as those used in KM3NeT PMTs) have the lowest ratio per unit area Another source of dark pulses is the natural radioactivity in the structure of the PMT itself. For all of them the measured dark count rate was below 200 cps These PMTs were exposed for two hours to a fluorescent tube lamp light before the dark count rate measurement started. It took about a week of darkening to stabilise the dark count rate at the value previously measured. Same measurement was performed after a two hour exposure to a LED lamp light.1 It took 4 hours to stabilise the dark count rate at the value previously measured initially. It can be concluded that laboratories where PMTs are handled should ideally be equipped with LED lamps
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