Abstract
Floods are natural disasters that cause extreme economic damage and therefore have a significant impact on society. Understanding the spatial and temporal characteristics exhibited by floods is one of the crucial parts of effective flood management. The Danube River with its basin is an important region in Europe and floods have occurred in the Danube River basin throughout history. Flood frequency analysis (FFA) and seasonality analysis were performed in this study using the annual maximum discharge series data from 86 gauging stations in order to form a comprehensive characterisation of floods in the Danube River basin. The results of the study demonstrate that some noticeable clusters of stations can be identified based on the best-fitting distribution regarding FFA. Furthermore, the best-fitting distributions regarding FFA for the stations in the Danube River basin are generalized extreme values (GEV) and log Pearson type 3 (LP3) distributions as among 86 considered gauging stations, 76 stations have one of these two distributions among their two best fits. Moreover, seasonality analysis demonstrates that large floods in the Danube River basin mainly occur in the spring, and flood seasonality in the basin is highly clustered.
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