Characterisation of the acute phase response of heifers to a prolonged low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide

Abstract

The effect of a prolonged low dose infusion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPs) on acute phase-like reactions was examined in heifers. LPS (2 μg kg −1 dissolved in 100 ml water), or saline was infused (at 1 ml min −1) intravenously for 100 minutes and blood samples were taken at various times before, during and after the infusion. The serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha( TNFα), interleukin-Ibeta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum amyloid A ( SAA) and the rectal temperature increased in response to the LPS infusion. Serum TNFα increased before the increases in IL-1β and IL-6 and remained high from 20 minutes after the onset of the infusion until the end of the sampling period (six hours). The LPS-induced increases in serum IL-1β and IL-6 were biphasic. Plasma cortisol and lactate concentrations also increased, and plasma glucose and B-hydroxybutyrate concentrations decreased in response to the LPS infusion. The similarity of these reactions to changes observed in response to bacterial infections shows that the prolonged infusion of low doses of LPS is a good model for studying the acute phase response to Gramnegative bacterial infection in heifers.