Abstract
Rock painting samples from Eritrean archaeological sites were studied by means of micro-Raman spectroscopy and proton-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE). Hematite and manganese oxides/hydroxides were determined in red and black paints, respectively. Since colours do not contain carbon, the paintings cannot be dated with 14C. Moderate amounts of calcium carbonate or sulphate were also observed in most red drawings, while traces of phosphorus were found by PIXE only in a few red and black samples.
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