Abstract
With growing demand for small autonomous electrical devices, such as those in wireless sensor networks, energy harvesting has attracted interest with the promise of low maintenance and sustainable power sources. Galloping energy harvesters utilise the fluid-structure interaction to transform kinetic energy in fluid flow into electrical energy. The performance of galloping energy harvesters depends on the geometry of the tip, with the structure of the flow around the tip defining the nature of fluid-structure interaction and hence the potential efficiency of the device.In this work the curved blade tip geometry is investigated. To experimentally characterise the performance of the harvester, a method utilising the free oscillation transient is developed. The method avoids implementation of a transduction mechanism and hence optimisation of the associated parameters. The developed method is generic and can be applied to other energy generators.The power coefficient of curved blades of different curvatures is measured and the optimal range identified. The maximum coefficient of performance of the curved blade harvester occurs at tip speed ratios from 0.32 to 0.74 and reaches 0.08, which is 3 to 4 times lower than Savonius turbines, the best performing devices at similar Reynolds numbers. The square prism geometry is used as a comparator and found to have a coefficient of performance 10 times less than the curved blade. Flow visualisations confirm the curved blade to act as an airfoil in the highest performing cases, hence future tip shapes should be developed to promote flow attachment.
Highlights
The objective of energy harvesting is to convert ambient energy to a useable form, typically electrical energy for use in small electrical devices
The performance of galloping energy harvesters depends on the geometry of the tip, with the structure of the flow around the tip defining the nature of fluid-structure interaction and the potential efficiency of the device
Energy harvesting systems can enable the avoidance of chemical batteries and their drawbacks [1], with applications varying from roadway engineering [2] to wearable devices [3]
Summary
The objective of energy harvesting is to convert ambient energy to a useable form, typically electrical energy for use in small electrical devices. To other experimental assessments of the performance of galloping energy harvesters, where a transduction mechanism was implemented and optimised to allow the measurement of harvested power [15], an approach is developed to the predict the performance from the free oscillation transient without a transduction mechanism This avoids the influence of the particular implementation of a transduction mechanism as well as the requirement of optimising its parameters. Following this the method for the prediction of the energy harvesting performance from the free oscillation transient is derived from the underlying mathematical model, alongside the results of a numerical verification.
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