Abstract
This work proposes four different glass formulas derived from the SiO2-Li2O-K2O-Al2O3system to investigate the effect of glass composition on their crystal formations and properties. Glass LD1 was SiO2-Li2O-K2O-Al2O3system with the addition of P2O5and CaF2as nucleating agents. In Glass LD2, a slight amount of MgO was mixed in order to increase the viscosity of the melting glass. Finally, the important factor of Si : Li ratio was increased in Glasses LD3 and LD4 with compositions otherwise the same as LD1 and LD2. The results found that P2O5and CaF2served as a nucleating site for lithium phosphate and fluorapatite to encourage heterogenous nucleation and produce a fine-grained interlocking microstructure of lithium disilicate glass ceramics. MgO content in this system seemed to increase the viscosity of the melting glass and thermal expansion coefficient including the chemical solubility. Increasing the Si : Li ratio in glass compositions resulted in the change of the microstructure of Li2Si2O5crystals.
Highlights
All-ceramic systems for dental restoration have been extensively used over recent years due to substantial developments meeting dental requirements, in terms of their mechanical properties and the opaque, presently accessible appearance of all-ceramic materials [1]
Lithium disilicate glass ceramic (Li2Si2O5) is one such all-ceramic system, currently used in the fabrication of single and multiunit dental restorations mainly for dental crowns, bridges, and veneers because of its color being similar to natural teeth and its excellent mechanical properties [2]
All glass ceramics were identified by X–ray diffraction method, and it was found that P2O5 and CaF2 served as a nucleating site for lithium phosphate, Li3PO4, and fluorapatite, Ca5(PO4)3F, to induce heterogeneous nucleation and produce a fine-grained interlocking microstructure of lithium disilicate glass ceramics
Summary
All-ceramic systems for dental restoration have been extensively used over recent years due to substantial developments meeting dental requirements, in terms of their mechanical properties and the opaque, presently accessible appearance of all-ceramic materials [1]. In particular the Li2O-SiO2 system, is the first material classified as glass ceramic discovered by Stookey as having better mechanical properties over base glass [6]. Many comprehensive studies have paid attention to the binary Li2O-SiO2 system [7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. This binary system lacks chemical durability for use as a restorative material in dentistry. A slight P2O5 content in glass composition could produce a fine-grained interlocking microstructure resulting in high mechanical strength [21]
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