Character Recognition Using Hierarchical Vector Quantization and Temporal Pooling

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a cross-fertilization of ideas between computational neuroscience models of the operation of the neocortex and artificial intelligence models of machine learning. Much of this work has focussed on the mammalian visual cortex, treating it as a hierarchically-structured pattern recognition machine that exploits statistical regularities in retinal input. It has further been proposed that the neocortex represents sensory information probabilistically, using some form of Bayesian inference to disambiguate noisy data. In the current paper, we focus on a particular model of the neocortex developed by Hawkins, known as hierarchical temporal memory (HTM). Our aim is to evaluate an important and recently implemented aspect of this model, namely its ability to represent temporal sequences of input within a hierarchically structured vector quantization algorithm. We test this temporal pooling feature of HTM on a benchmark of cursive handwriting recognition problems and compare it to a current state-of-the-art support vector machine implementation. We also examine whether two pre-processing techniques can enhance the temporal pooling algorithm's performance. Our results show that a relatively simple temporal pooling approach can produce recognition rates that approach the current state-of-the-art without the need for extensive tuning of parameters. We also show that temporal pooling performance is surprisingly unaffected by the use of preprocessing techniques.