Abstract
This chapter discusses methods for the synthesis of acids and acid chlorides. Amino acids are important intermediates. The original method of synthesis of amino acids consists in heating the corresponding nitrile in two parts of 80% sulfuric acid at 150°C until solubility in dilute sodium hydroxide is achieved. The reaction time for the unbranched piperidino acid is 4–5 hours. The crystalline base is obtained by pouring the hot reaction mixture in strongly basic ice water, followed by the neutralization of the filtrate. The steric hindrance of the cyano group makes these nitriles resistant to hydrolysis and branching of the side chain increases these steric effects. Pyrrolidones are formed from amino acids and thionyl chloride. At low temperatures, the acid chloride is formed; above 60°C, an intramolecular reaction between acid chloride and tertiary amine starts that results in the cleavage of the carbon–nitrogen bond and ring closure to pyrrolidones. Amino acids and their acid chlorides have been used as intermediates for the preparation of several compounds.
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