Abstract
This chapter discusses the testing of pathogenicity and infectivity of entomopathogens to mammals. Mammalian safety screens are a subset of a larger grouping of tests that assess the effects of a microbial pest control agent (MPCA) on nontarget organisms (NTO). A different philosophy of testing known as maximum challenge arose that recognized the unique characteristics of MPCAs. The use of immunocompromised animals may also be considered a part of the maximum challenge philosophy. Animals should be procured from reputable suppliers in order to insure their overall quality and freedom from diseases. Housing control animals can also pose a challenge. With some MPCAs, it might be important to prevent the animals from being exposed to the MPCA by copraphagous activity or communal grooming. Separate cages are a simple solution to minimize control animal exposure to the MPCA. Two groups of animals are used in the test, consisting of an experimental group administered the MPCA and a control group administered the autoclaved MPCA. The control group will enable the investigator to determine if any lesions observed in lung tissue are due to the presence of foreign protein, or the introduction into the lungs during instillation of the normal microbial flora present in the pharynx. The acute pulmonary infectivity test and the acute intraperitoneal infectivity test are also elaborated.
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