Abstract
This chapter considers steady flows of compressible fluids in pipes with reference to a one-dimensional approach. The equations of continuity, momentum, and energy are applied to flow through constant area ducts and ducts with gradually varying cross-sections. The effects of Mach number on pressure, temperature, and density are discussed. It is shown that the variations of pressure, velocity, and temperature with area change for supersonic flow are totally different from those for subsonic flow. The phenomenon of choking is treated both in constant area pipes and flow restrictions. In general, real fluid flow characteristics as friction and heat transfer are taken into account; however, the isentropic approximation is applied in some flow regions and in the definition of basic properties. The final part of this chapter is dedicated to the description of operating characteristics of gas pipeline systems, by focusing on hydraulic parameters profiles in long distance lines, erosional and vibration issues, and high velocity flows in pipes.
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