Abstract
This chapter surveys the recent trajectory of grassroots political activity in Latin America and examines its role in promoting social development in the continent. The argument focuses on the activity of social movements and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), with special reference to Brazil and Chile, and explores their relationships with national governments and international agencies. The objective is to assess the impact of grassroots pressure on the kind of policy formation and institutional reform that can improve the quality of social policies that are implemented by the state. The focus on democratic transition highlights the challenges of projecting grassroots pressures into political society. Once the democratic transitions were underway, the grassroots movements faced the novel challenges of democratic politics. The grassroots movements have to be more organized in order to move into the newly democratic political society, and negotiate with the state. Keywords: Brazil; Chile; democratic transition; grassroots activism; non-governmental organizations (NGOs); political society; social movement
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