Abstract
Plant mitochondrial genomes are highly active in transferring genetic material between species. They have also gained and lost significant portions of their genomes by intracellular transfer with the plastid and nuclear genomes. Examples exist for all of these types and directions of transfer, and it is now clear that these processes have greatly contributed to the current composition of plant mitochondria today. Despite major advances in our understanding of horizontal transfer over the last 20 years, evidence for the mechanisms of transfer is still limited, although direct contact via parasitism, epiphytic interactions, and grafting likely facilitates interspecific transmission. The elucidation of the extent and mechanisms of horizontal transfer involving plant mitochondria may prove important for developing a plant mitochondrial transformation system and may offer clues to the extent of nuclear horizontal gene transfer in plants.
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