Abstract
Abstract The composition of a typical pyrolysis oil is used to pose the problem of oxygen removal from this oil and to motivate a discussion of the different reactions for oxygen removal that are thermodynamically favored. From a consideration of this thermodynamics analysis of the favored reactions, the surface chemistry literature is surveyed to reveal those materials that allow the adsorption of oxygen-containing species. Included in this survey are experimental and theoretical studies. This consideration of adsorption of oxygen-containing species prompts a further examination of the literature of reaction mechanisms and reaction sequences to reveal the conventional pathways to remove oxygen from the substrates. Moreover, the literature of hydroprocessing is reviewed to show how traditional hydrodesulfurization catalysts have been studied as a hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) catalyst of the reactive species in pyrolysis oils. Furthermore, aqueous-phase reforming is discussed as an alternative to HDO.
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