Abstract
Since the 1990s deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon has been based on endogenous dynamics which occur independently of public investments. In the meantime, civil society organisations mushroomed in the Amazon. Today, they are important partners for sustainable, bottom-up development strategies. They are now focusing their attention on new federal investments in infrastructure in the heartland of the Amazon rain forest, as became evident in the broad political mobilisation of social movements and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) against two large public infrastructure investment projects: the hydroelectric plant in Belo Monte, nearby Altamira and the paving of the federal road BR-163 between Santarem and Cuiaba. This chapter explores how local civil society organisations perceive these projects, the degree of importance they assign to their environmental dimension, how they position themselves and which alliances and partnerships they build with local, national and international actors in order to achieve their aims.Keywords: Brazilian Amazon; civil society organisations; deforestation; environmental policy; non-governmental organisations (NGOs); sustainable development
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