Abstract
Multiferroic research boom started in the early 1970s, primarily with the scientific interest on single-phase materials possessing both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic effects to discover the polarization-magnetization coupling effect. Because we could not find a significant and useful coupling between P and M at room temperature, this first boom diminished. However, after the 2000s, because of the strong demand for detecting the noise magnetic field in the environmental safety monitoring trend, the magneto-electric (ME) device development restarted recently (i.e., Engineering Renaissance) by using “composite” structures. This chapter describes first the multiferroic materials researched in the 1970s, followed by the history of ME composites. Then, we introduce basically the development philosophy of the ICAT/Penn State group, designing principle of the ME composites in terms of the following items: (1) piezoelectric materials choice, (2) dependence on sample geometry, thickness of the disks, (3) magnetostriction direction dependence, (4) magnetic field direction. In the latter part, we describe the magnetic sensor and energy harvesting applications. Finally, summary and the future outlook are discussed.
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