Abstract
'Islamic' concepts of education not only reflect Muslim concepts of societal organization but often also transport a critique of existing religio-political structures. Demands for reforms in Islamic education thus form part and parcel of larger strategies of Islamic reform and a Muslim critique of the 'secular state', both colonial and post-colonial. The concepts of modern Islamic education as presented in Zanzibar by representatives of Islamic movements of reform, are, at the same time, not necessarily more 'Islamic' in character than those of the 'secular state'. Beyond their ideological (religious) guise, 'modern Islamic' concepts of education are indeed closely related to secular, western, colonial and even 'Christian' models of education. The teaching of 'Islam' which used to be conceived of as an 'ocean of learning' has thus been transformed in the 20th century into a discipline called 'Islamic Religious Instruction' (IRI).Keywords: colonial period; Islamic education; Islamic religious instruction (IRI); Zanzibar
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