Abstract
The recent progress of nanotechnology is crucial and useful, but adverse and negative aspects of utilizing the nanotechnology should thoroughly be investigated along with its exciting applications. The proper knowledge and understanding of the toxicity of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and their CNMs-enabled products are indispensable for human health and environmental safety as well as public consideration. Various reports have been published about the adverse and negative effects of CNMs on biological systems and living organisms as well as cellular counterparts. CNMs show distinctive toxicity, which depends on various factors such as size, morphology, type of CNM, dispersion, structural defects, and amount of functionalization. This chapter discusses the toxicity of various CNMs and methods used for the assessment of these toxic effects. It highlights the toxic effects of CNMs on humans and animals or other living organisms by considering both in vivo and in vitro studies. In addition to studying the systematic toxicity of CNMs, this chapter also emphasizes the future challenges and possible solutions in this research area.
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